Deleted-File Forensics and Timelines

When a file has gone, two questions tend to matter. What was in it, and how did it leave. A disk usually retains enough to settle both. Volume snapshots, journal operations and bin records will between them show what a machine held, the way it got used, and the hour and the method by which something was taken off. Written for employers, solicitors and private clients across the North East who have a deletion in dispute.

Footing first. Bench time after. The free diagnostic opens the job, a written scope follows it, and forensic fees clear ahead of any examination. No fix, no fee all jobs except electronic and mechanical failures, chip level work, DVR and Forensic jobs. Full pricing is on the data recovery cost page.

// the disputes that land here

When the deletion is the point at issue

Any matter in which the thing removed, and the hour of removal, both carry weight belongs here.

Somebody emptied the bin in the week a resignation landed
A folder is short of records and nobody can date the loss
One side says the document was never held on that machine
There are signs a cleaner or a wiping tool has been run
When it went matters to the case as much as what went
An earlier draft is needed of something since overwritten

Recycle bin, or something more deliberate

Deletion comes in grades, and each grade marks the disk differently. Drop a file into the recycle bin and a small record gets written alongside, holding the original path, the size and the instant of the drop. That record frequently outlives the emptying. Delete permanently and the bin is bypassed, but on a mechanical disk the only thing surrendered is the index entry; contents stay put until something else claims the space. Establishing which grade applied, and when, is the first job, and it often says a good deal about intention.

Getting events back into order

A timeline is just recorded events, arranged in sequence, out of sources that corroborate each other. Created, modified and accessed stamps come from the $MFT. $UsnJrnl logs the operations as they occur, so a rename or a removal appears at the moment it happened. $LogFile supplies fine grain around the minutes that count. Event logs name the account signed in and what it touched beforehand. Weighed against a file's creation date, the hour of its disappearance answers the useful question. Housekeeping, or timing?

The copies nobody thought to clear

One workstation holds several versions of its own past. Volume Shadow Copies, written for restore points and backups, retain earlier states of the disk, including material removed since and drafts from before an edit. Line a snapshot up against the live volume and whatever vanished between two dates is simply visible. That is often the neatest exhibit a deletion case can produce. Present on the 4th. Gone by the 12th. Journal puts the removal at the 9th.

When a wiping tool has been run

Wiping software does not creep about quietly. Detection begins with what the tools leave lying around. Installer records and prefetch entries naming the program. Run times. The signature that overwriting spreads across a disk. And the conspicuous absence of traces that ought to be there. A wipe destroys content and manufactures evidence in the same pass: which utility, at what hour, under which account, and what it never reached. Half-finished runs are common, and whatever one of those leaves behind is recovered as normal.

The imaging and custody rules beneath this page live at the forensic recovery hub. Where sticks and cards are involved, carry on to USB device forensics. Whole-machine capture is workstation deep imaging. Figures are on the prices page.

// where the timeline comes from

Six sources, one sequence

Each source gets read against the rest, and the sequence stands on where they agree.

Bin records

Original path, size and the instant of the drop, outliving an emptied bin.

File-table stamps

Created, modified and accessed times, for live and removed files alike.

Journal operations

Creations, renames and removals, taken one operation at a time.

Log support

Which account was signed in around each removal, out of the system's logs.

Volume snapshots

Earlier states of the disk, still holding what has gone since.

Wiping traces

The utility, the hour, the account, and everything it failed to reach.

// the price, and who we may act for

Forensic fees, and the footing underneath them

The money, stated plainly

Each instruction opens on the free diagnostic. Allow 2 working days from the date a device reaches this bench. Forensic casework sits outside no fix, no fee. The full forensic investigation with report is £800 + VAT, payable 100% upfront. The less expensive Forensic binary image and deleted-file extraction service, without the report, is £400 + VAT. Any Forensic work required will be payable upfront. You will find both figures repeated on the prices page, and we take nothing until a scope is agreed in writing.

The footing we need

Deletion instructions run on company machines, on hardware of your own, or on the say-so of a solicitor. Three doors in, and we have never found a fourth. Kit the business itself owns. A written instruction out of a solicitor, an insurer or from the court. Or else a device that genuinely belongs to the client, which in a matrimonial matter takes in one held between the two of them. Nothing gets hacked at this bench. Live traffic is never intercepted. Where the instructing client holds no right to look inside a device, we hold none either.

// getting your device to us

Getting it to the bench — plainly done

Everyday use costs a deletion case a little each day, so pull the machine and ring 0800 689 0668. No collection service is offered. It comes to Edinburgh tracked and insured, or across the counter, and joins the custody log the moment it is signed for.

Still bolted into a laptop, desktop, MacBook, iMac, server or CCTV / DVR box? Get the hard drive or SSD out first. The bare drive travels on its own. Stripping machines down is not a job this lab takes on. Flash soldered to a motherboard, as on Apple Silicon Macs and a couple of very thin laptops, is our one flat no: if it will not unbolt, it cannot be worked on.

  • Bubble wrap, then a rigid box or padded envelope packed tight enough that nothing rattles. Keep the cables, caddies and power bricks at home.
  • Print the shipping & booking-in form (PDF). Name, mobile number, two lines on what went wrong. In the box with the drive.
  • Royal Mail Special Delivery is tracked and insured door to door. Your own courier account does the same job if you would rather use it.
  • Handing it over yourself instead? Reception takes drop-offs at the address below, Mon–Fri 9:00am–5:30pm.
// where your device is headed

Edinburgh Data Recovery

4 Redheughs Rigg
Westpoint, South Gyle
Edinburgh, EH12 9DQ

↓ Print the shipping & booking-in form (PDF)

Address it for the attention of Edinburgh Data Recovery. From Aberdeen that is roughly 130 miles and two and a half hours down the A90, or next working day by tracked post if you would rather not make the run. You get a call the moment it is booked onto the bench.

Not sure what belongs in the box? Ring 0800 689 0668 before you tape it shut, or work through the free online diagnostic.

// deleted files · asked before instruction

Where deletion cases usually start

Often, and in two different ways. The bin's own records commonly survive and show what went and at what hour. The contents themselves stay in unallocated space until something claims the room. Stop using the machine early and more of both survives to be found.
Dating it is the entire point of building a timeline. Bin records, journal operations and event logs each carry their own clock, and where those agree an hour can be stated with confidence. Put alongside the creation date and the events either side, timing usually speaks for itself.
It gets pinned to an account and a session. The login that was live, its source address, the moment it ran. Tying that account to a specific pair of hands belongs to the wider case, and the report says openly where technical attribution runs out.
Ongoing use nibbles at unallocated space, so odds shorten week by week. Journals, bin records and snapshots frequently outlast all of it. Withdraw the machine today and the free diagnostic will give you an honest answer on what remains.

Gone is only a claim. The disk says otherwise.

Take it out of service, ring the freephone, and let the sequence speak for itself.